In early 2021, Traefik Labs conducted a survey to measure the market adoption of Kubernetes and to understand the challenges organizations face in managing and scaling applications. The results show that while businesses clearly see the need for Kubernetes, they still face difficulties when it comes to adopting and scaling the technology. Part of it stems from the fact that Kubernetes is surrounded by a fragmented ecosystem with hundreds of vendors, tools, and platforms running in multi-cloud, multi-cluster, and multi-ingress environments. This report — gleaned from more than 1,000 survey respondents — examines the state of Kubernetes’ use and the challenges companies face.